(獒犬猛犬)全集

如云烟

加那利的起源  这里有点常识要大家认识  就是群岛上Berber土著的狗以后来的伊比利亚人的狗杂交而出的狗 或以老斗牛犬而混血的狗

这些狗并不是现在我们所认识到的英马士提夫或意大利獒  那时的狗 本就是个混血的大型斗牛犬  我们可用老斗牛獒来统称

加那利群岛上目前为拉斯帕尔马斯省和德特内里费两省  这两个地区一向不太友好  并且西班牙裔和葡萄牙后裔的文化差异还是存在的

加那利群岛是个自古多变迁多磨难的地区  几经风雨  这也造就了群岛上的文化和相关物种的多样性和流派对立性

关于加纳利斗牛犬的起源命名    按通用的FCI标准来看  -----------------

ORIGIN: Spain.
DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL VALID STANDARD: 04.07.2011
UTILIZATION: Guard dog used for protection of cattle.
FCI-CLASSIFICATION: Group 2 Pinscher and Schnauzer –
Molossoid Breeds –
Swiss Mountain and
Cattle dogs.
Section 2.1 Molossoid Mastiff type.
Without working trial.
BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY: A molossoid type dog, originating from Tenerife and Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). It is believed to be the result of mating between the “majorero”, a prehispanic dog indigenous to these islands, and other molossoids introduced to the Canary Islands.
These matings produced an ethnical group of mastiff-type dogs, of moderately large size, brindle or fawn with white marking, with a specific molossoid morphology but yet agile and powerful, having a strong temperament, robust and lively, loyal character.
During the XVI and XVII centuries, the number of these dogs increased considerably and numerous references to them in pre-Conquest historical texts, especially in the “Cedularios del Cabildo” (municipal registers), which explain their duties essentially as guard dogs and protectors of cattle.
GENERAL APPEARANCE: A moderately large sized molossoid, with a rectilinear profile and black mask. Robust and well-proportioned.
IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS: The body is longer than the height at the withers; this characteristic is more noticeable in the female.
Skull-foreface proportion is 60-40%. The width of the skull is 3/5 of the total length of the head. The distance from elbow to ground should be 50% of the height at the withers for males and a little less for females.
BEHAVIOUR/TEMPERAMENT: Calm appearance; attentive expression. Especially suited to guarding and traditionally used for herding cattle. Balanced temperament and very self-confident. Low and deep bark. Obedient and docile with family members, very devoted to its master, but can be suspicious of strangers. Confident attitude, noble and a little distant. When alert, the stance is firm with a vigilant attitude.
HEAD: Massive, brachycephalic and compact in appearance, covered with thick skin. The shape tends towards a slightly elongated cube. The cranial-facial lines are parallel or slightly converging.
CRANIAL REGION:
Skull: Slightly convex in ante posterior and transversal direction. Frontal bone tends to be flat. The width is almost identical to the length. Pronounced zygomatic arch, with well developed cheek and jaw muscles, but not prominent, covered with loose skin. The occipital protuberance is only slightly marked.
Stop: The stop is pronounced, but not abrupt. The furrow between the frontal lobes is well defined and is about two thirds the size of the skull.
FACIAL REGION:
Nose: Wide, strong black pigmentation. In line with the muzzle. The nostrils are large to facilitate breathing.
Muzzle: Shorter than the skull, normally about 40% of the total length of the head. The width is 2/3 of that of the skull. Very wide base, narrowing slightly towards the nose. Bridge of the nose is flat and straight, without ridges.
Lips: The upper lip is pendulous, although not excessively. Seen from the front, the upper and lower lips come together to form an inverted V. The flews are slightly divergent. The inside of the lips is a dark color.
Jaws/Teeth: Scissor bite or slightly undershot bite, max 2 mms. Pincer bite is admitted but not desirable due to the dental erosion produced. The dental arch is wide at the canines. The teeth are wide and solidly set. Large molars, small incisors, well developed canines.
Eyes: Slightly oval in shape, from medium to large in size. Set well apart, but neither sunken nor protruding. Eyelids are black and tight-fitting, never sagging. The colour varies from dark to medium brown, depending on the color of the coat. They should never be light.
Ears: Medium sized, set well apart, with short and fine hair. They fall naturally on each side of the head. If folded, they are in the shape of a rose. They are set on slightly above eye level. Ears set too high and very close on the head are considered unusual. In countries were cropping is allowed, they must stand erect.
NECK: Shorter than the length of the head. Skin on the underside is loose, forming a slight dewlap. Solid and straight, it tends to be cylindrical and muscular.
BODY: Long, broad and deep.
Top line: Straight, without deformations and sustained by well developed but barely visible muscles. Rising slightly from the withers to the croup. The height at the croup is 1 – 2 cms more than the height at the withers.
Croup: Medium length, broad and rounded. Should not be long as this would limit movement. The female is usually broader.
Chest: With great capacity and well defined pectoral muscles. Seen from both the front and the side, it should be well let down to at least the elbow. Thoracic perimeter is usually equal to the height at the withers plus 45%. Well sprung ribcage.
Underline and belly: Slightly tucked up, never sagging. The flanks are only slightly pronounced.
TAIL: Thick base, tapering to the tip, down to the hock but no longer. Medium set on. In action it rises like a sabre, but without curling nor leaning towards the back. At rest it hangs straight with a slight curve at the tip.
LIMBS
FOREQUARTERS:
Shoulder: Well laid back.
Upper arm: Well angulated, oblique.
Forearm: Well balanced, straight. Strong boned and well muscled.
Elbow: Must be neither too close to the ribs nor sticking out.
Metacarpus (Pastern): Very solid and slightly sloping.
Forefeet: Cat feet with rounded toes, not too close together. Well developed and black pads. Nails are dark, white nails should be avoided, although they can occur in function of coat color.
HINDQUARTERS:
General appearance: Seen from behind, strong and parallel, without deviation.
Thigh: Long and well muscled thighs.
Stifle (Knee): Angulation not very pronounced but should not be insufficient.
Metatarsus (Rear pastern): Always well let down.
Hind feet: Slightly longer than the front feet, otherwise identical.
GAIT / MOVEMENT: On the move, the Dogo Canario is agile and supple and should cover a lot of ground. Long reach. The tail is carried low and the head is carried only a little above the level of the back. When alert, the head and tail are carried high.
SKIN: Thick and elastic. More loose on and around the neck. When alert, the skin on the head forms symmetrical wrinkles which fan out from the furrow between the front lobes.
COAT
Hair: Short, coarse, flat with no undercoat (it can appear on neck and on back of the thighs). Rather coarse to the touch. Very short and fine on the ears; slightly longer on the withers and on the back of thighs.
Color: All shades of brindle, from warm dark brown to pale grey or blond. All shades of fawn to sandy. White marks are acceptable on the chest, at the base of the neck or throat, forefeet and toes of hind feet, but these should be kept to a minimum. The mask is always black, and should not spread above eye level.
SIZE AND WEIGHT:
Height at the withers: Males : 60 - 66 cms.
Females: 56 - 62 cms.
For very typical specimens, a tolerance of 2 cm. over or under these limits is accepted.
Weight:
Minimum: Males: 50 kgs.
Females: 40 kgs.
Maximum: Males: 65 kgs.
Females: 55 kgs.
FAULTS:
Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.
· Pincer bite.

SEVERE FAULTS:
· Any fault is considered severe when affecting the expression and limiting the type of the dog.
· Incorrect head proportions.
· Extremely convergent facial-cranial lines (over pronounced stop)
· Loins and withers of the same height.
· Incorrect position of limbs.
· Square profile.
· Triangular head, narrow (not cube shape).
· Thin, curled or deformed tail. Set on high.
· Saddle or roach back.
· Light eyes (yellow), very close together or oblique, sunken or protruding.
· Excessive undershot mouth.
· Insufficient mask.
· Missing teeth (except P1).
DISQUALIFYING FAULTS:
· Aggressive or overly shy dogs.
· Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioral abnormalities shall be disqualified.
· Total depigmented nose.
· Unacceptable white marks.
· Overshot mouth.
· Croup lower than withers. Sloping topline.
· Blue eyes or unmatched in color.
· Cropped tail.




维基是这么描述普雷萨的  ------------


First introduced to the world outside of Spain's Canary Islands by the American Anthropologist Dr. Carl Semencic in an article for Dogworld Magazine and in his books on the subject of rare breeds of dogs, the Presa Canario or "Canary Dog" is a large sized dog with a thick and muscular body.[1] The head is broad, massive, square, and powerful. Proper head and good expression are part of the breed standard, and are manifest in the best breed specimens. The ears are normally cropped, both to create a more formidable expression and to prevent damage while working with cattle. If cropped the ears stand erect. In countries where ear cropping is banned the ears are close fitting to the head, they hang down and should be pendant or "rose" shaped. The lips are thick and hang in an inverted V where they join; the flews may be slightly loose. The interior lips are dark.[2]
Males average between 23 to 26 inches (58 to 66 cm) at the withers with a minimum weight of 100 pounds (45 kg) and a maximum weight of 160 pounds (73 kg). Females average between 22 to 25 inches (56 to 63 cm) at the withers with a minimum weight of 85 pounds (39 kg) and a maximum weight of 150 pounds (68 kg).[3] Very high weights could lead to a number of health problems. Too much weight is also known to compromise the dog's athleticism and working ability.[citation needed]
The breed is also characterized by a sloping topline (with the rear being slightly higher than the shoulders). Another characteristic of the breed is the shape of the paws (cat foot) and the catlike movement of the animal. The body is mesomorphic, that is, slightly longer than the dog is tall, contributing to the feline movement. The Presa should be powerful, balanced, and imposing in appearance. It is heavily built, but able to move with great athleticism.
[edit] Coat and color
Silver Fawn
Red Fawn
Fawn
Red Brindle
Brown Brindle
Fawn Brindle
Reverse Brindle
VerdinoThe coat is short with no undercoating and slightly coarse to the touch. The coat comes in all shades of fawn and brindle.[4] The acceptance of the black coat is a point of contention among fanciers as it is allowed by the AKC-FSS, UKC and UPPCC standards, but not by the FCI or FIC standards. White is allowed up to 20 percent[3] and is most commonly found on the chest and feet, and occasionally on a blaze on the muzzle. The breed standard requires black pigmentation and dogs should have a black mask that does not extend above the eyes. The breed is known for its minimal shedding.
[edit] TemperamentPresas are of strong character and are dominant animals requiring early socialization and obedience training.[5][6] In some situations, the Presa can be aggressive toward other dogs and suspicious of strangers.[7] Once the dog has been properly socialized and trained this becomes the exception rather than the rule. Many Presas share their homes with children, other dogs, cats, horses and other farm animals.[6]
Presas are an intelligent breed. Very responsive to an owner whom is familiar with large breed, mastiff or mollosor dogs. Due to the natural strength and power of the breed, positive reinforcement is best when training Presa Canarios. During the first two years, the dog should be exercised/walked daily as it is trained to ensure proper bonding with its family and to develop excellent temperament. After two years, it is common that Presas who are not actively working or game dogs, can be very calm, lazy loveable beasts in the family home.
[edit] HealthAs a large breed, the Presa Canario can be susceptible to hip dysplasia.[6] Other reported health problems include patellar luxation and patellar evulsions, skin cysts, epilepsy, osteochondrodysplasias, demodectic mange and cryptorchidism.[6] A health issue unique to Spain is canine visceral leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis is a blood parasite that has a long incubation period (of several years) and most often leads to death.[citation needed]
[edit] LifespanThe average lifespan for the Presa Canario is 8–12 years.[citation needed]
[edit] Presa Canario – a legislative basis for the name and standardThe Presa Canario has a solid legislative basis in Spain and it is recognized as such by a Real Decreto (Royal Decree) of the MAPA (Minister of Agriculture Fishing and Nutrition), which was published in the Official Gazette of the Spanish Government ([BOE – Boletin Oficial del Estado]).
The original [Real Decreto 558/2001] can be read on the site of the Spanish Government Gazette.
In this authentic legislative source the breed is named precisely as "Presa Canario." A breed standard is attached in the Royal Decree and it includes the black coat and a maximum weight.
Any other name or standard is not recognized by Spanish law.
In Spain there are two main organizations which are legally recognized by the Minister of Agriculture, Fishing and Nutrition (according to the requirements set by the [Real Decreto 558/2001]): the [RSCE] and the [FCE]. The term "legally recognized" means that these organizations have the power to inscribe the litters into the official Book of Origins of Spain (LOE – Libro de Origines Espanol).
The FCE already recognizes the breed according to Spanish law, which all organizations must respect, and therefore uses the Presa Canario name and standard, as set by the [Real Decreto 558/2001].
[An official document] of the Spanish Government has been issued and sent to the RSCE to warn it and to invite it to modify its regulations.
Another recent legal source can be listed to support the correct denomination of the breed, and it is the [Real Decreto 1557/2005]. This decree further confirms the breed name is "Presa Canario" and gives the legislative power of official association recognition to the loc

如云烟

这里的标准起源区别并不大 就是命名的标准不同  以及后期的两大犬种组织划分的工作发展目标及方向有所区别  才造就了如今的流派之争这么明显及激烈  看看这个就一目了然了  -------------

Presa Canario – a legislative basis for the name and standardThe Presa Canario has a solid legislative basis in Spain and it is recognized as such by a Real Decreto (Royal Decree) of the MAPA (Minister of Agriculture Fishing and Nutrition), which was published in the Official Gazette of the Spanish Government ([BOE – Boletin Oficial del Estado]).
The original [Real Decreto 558/2001] can be read on the site of the Spanish Government Gazette.
In this authentic legislative source the breed is named precisely as "Presa Canario." A breed standard is attached in the Royal Decree and it includes the black coat and a maximum weight.
Any other name or standard is not recognized by Spanish law.
In Spain there are two main organizations which are legally recognized by the Minister of Agriculture, Fishing and Nutrition (according to the requirements set by the [Real Decreto 558/2001]): the [RSCE] and the [FCE]. The term "legally recognized" means that these organizations have the power to inscribe the litters into the official Book of Origins of Spain (LOE – Libro de Origines Espanol).
The FCE already recognizes the breed according to Spanish law, which all organizations must respect, and therefore uses the Presa Canario name and standard, as set by the [Real Decreto 558/2001].

加纳利獒犬是以地区命名及推广的地方性犬种  就如同原生地的土库曼牧羊犬叫阿拉拜  在此基础上再成立中亚牧羊的标准

FCI就定了他那套标准  就叫加那利    而西班牙的农林渔署定了最初的标准并命名普雷萨 UKC揽入怀中

将其发扬光大  并做了很多和FCI有所区别的标准划分  以工作性和外形的不局限为主要特色

所以  从广义上讲   不管是普还是道都叫加那利  这是从起源定义和常识上归类的  它们是一种狗

但从严格的标准去江  普就是我们通常意义上的所谓原生獒  而加那利獒就是广义上的藏獒

纯看个人喜好或培育的出发点  这和加那利猎犬的发展是一致的 另外  西班牙命名犬种主要以地域为准

如马略卡獒  巴斯克牧犬  大比利牛斯  单加那利群岛这一弹丸之地  就分出了加那利獒  猎犬

斗牛犬   费罗獒  兰萨罗特猎犬 等等  但我们外人来看  就称加那利獒和加那利猎犬就行  。。。