BOXER拳师犬。。。AKC标准（转载）

强力马甲

理想的拳师犬是这样的：中等大小，正方形比例，身体结实、背短，强壮的四肢，短、紧密而合体的被毛。他肌肉发达、线条清晰，坚硬的肌肉被紧而光滑的皮肤包裹着。他的动作显示出力量感。步态稳固，富有弹性，步幅舒展，显得骄傲。可以用作守卫犬、工作犬、陪伴犬。他结合了力量和敏捷、高雅和时尚。他的表情警惕，性格稳定而驯服。
其头部轮廓使拳师给人一种独特的印象。头部必须与身躯保持恰当的比例。其宽而钝的口吻是其最大的特点，最重要的就在于其恰当的位置和与脑袋的恰当比例。
在评判拳师时，首先要考虑的就是整体外观，象颜色和样式。然后是专心检查头部，最后是身体的各部分及构造是否合理，及评估步态。

[体型]
高度：成年雄性肩高约22.5~25英寸(57.15厘米~63.5厘米)；雌性肩高约21~23.5英寸(53.34厘米~59.69厘米)，当然，雄性不能低于最小肩高而雌性不能高于最大肩高，可是，自从肩高不作为失格限制以后，整体的比例和品质才是最重要的。比例：从侧面观察，身体轮廓呈正方形比例，从马肩隆到地面的垂直距离等于从前胸到大腿股的水平距离。体质：坚实、匀称的肌肉。雄性骨量大于雌性同伴。

[头部]
漂亮的头部是由口吻和脑袋正确的比例所构成的。钝的口吻的长度约占头部长度（从后枕部到鼻尖的长度）的1/3，宽度为脑袋的2/3。头部整洁，没有过深的皱纹（湿忽忽的）。当耳朵竖立时，前额的皱纹很有代表性，褶皱总是在止部下边缘向口吻两侧延伸。
表情：聪明而警惕。眼睛：深褐色，不能太小、太突出或太凹陷。他们结合前额的皱纹，所反映出来的特点，给予拳师犬一种独特的表情。耳朵：剪耳，位于头顶。耳朵要剪的长而尖细，警惕时突起。脑袋：头顶略拱，不能圆，也不能平，更不能太宽。两眼间的前额略略下陷，与口吻连接处有明显的止部。面颊相对平坦，不能凸出（厚脸皮），维持脑袋简洁的轮廓线，向口吻方向略略变窄，呈优美的锥形。口吻：长度、宽度及深度比例匀称，构成口吻轮廓的首先是上下颚，其次是牙齿的位置，第三是嘴唇。口吻上轮廓线不能向下斜（下斜脸），也不能凹陷（盘子脸）；然而，鼻尖应该略高于口吻末端。
鼻镜宽而黑。
上颚宽度与脑袋相当，保持这一宽度，向前略略变细。嘴唇，完全覆盖口吻，并在前面均匀的交会。上嘴唇厚而丰满，填满前部空间，并垂到下颚，被下犬齿支撑着。所以下犬齿必须有足够的长度，而且彼此间有足够的距离，以形成口吻前部的曲面，从侧面观察显得有点方、有点宽、还有点向后。从前面和侧面观察都能看到下巴。咬合：拳师的咬合是下颚突出式咬合；下颚比上颚突出，并略向上弯。下颚的门牙呈直线形，下犬齿在前面同一直线上，彼此的距离尽可能宽。上颚的门牙略呈弧形，角落的门牙略微靠后，上颚的门牙处在下颚的门牙之后。缺陷：脑袋太宽；厚脸皮；皱纹太深（湿忽忽的）或缺乏（太干燥）；过分夸张的上唇；相对脑袋来说，口吻太轻；口吻末端太尖；下颚过分突出，嘴闭着时能看到牙齿或舌头；眼睛颜色太浅（相对于身体上被毛的颜色）。

[颈部、背线、身躯]
颈部：圆弧形，有足够的长度，肌肉发达，没有过多的皱皮（赘肉）。颈背以显著、优雅的弧线平滑延伸至肩部。背线：平滑、坚实且略斜。身躯：胸相当宽，前胸轮廓突出，并能从侧面观察到。胸相当深，胸深达到肘部；身体深度即胸部最低点到马肩隆的距离等于马肩隆到地面距离的一半。肋骨，向后扩展，扩张良好但不呈桶状胸。
背短、直、且肌肉发达。稳固地连接肩和后躯。
腰短而肌肉发达。腹部轮廓线略向上收，形成优美的曲线。臀部略斜，平且宽。尾根位置高，剪尾、向上举。雌性的骨盆长，而且非常宽。
缺陷：短而笨重的颈部。胸太宽、太窄、肩部中间太斜；前胸缺乏；过度收腹；平坦的肋骨；长或窄的腰，无力的臀部；下垂的臀部；后体高与前躯。

[前躯]
肩部长而倾斜，肌肉过分掩盖肩胛（抗肩膀）。前臂长，与肩胛接近90度角。肘部不过分贴近胸部也不明显远离胸部。
从前面观察，前肢长、直，且肌肉发达，彼此平行。脚腕结实而清晰，略斜，站立时几乎垂直于地面。狼爪可以切除。足爪紧凑，既不内翻也不外翻，足趾适度圆拱。缺陷：松弛或抗肩膀；肘部内弯或外翻。

[后躯]
后躯肌肉发达，角度与前躯平衡。
大腿宽而弯曲，臀部肌肉发达、坚实。第一节大腿和第二节大腿长。后腿在膝关节处角度合适，轮廓清晰。后腿直，飞节既不内翻也不外翻。从侧面观察，飞节以下部位（跖骨）垂直于地面，略向后倾斜也是允许的。跖骨短，干净切结实。拳师犬不应该有后肢狼爪。缺陷：陡峭或过度弯曲的后腿；过轻或过重的后腿。过度弯曲的飞节（镰刀腿）；后体太低或太靠后。

[被毛]
短、油亮、光滑的紧贴身体。

[颜色]
颜色是驼色带斑纹。驼色的范围总浅茶色到桃花芯木色都可以。斑纹相对稀少，是界限清晰的黑色条纹在驼色的基本色上，是非常集中的黑色斑纹位于驼色的基本色上，黑色显得彻底（形成了“反色斑纹”的外貌）。白色的斑纹可以点缀拳师的外观，但不能超过整个被毛面积的1/3。而且白色不应该出现在腰部或背部，在面部，白色可能替代部分黑色“面具”的位置并延伸到两眼睛中间，但决不能过分，破坏了拳师独特的表情。缺陷：白色斑纹不引人注意或放错地方。失格：拳师犬是驼色加斑纹以外的颜色搭配；白色超过整个被毛面积的1/3。

[步态]
从侧面观察，正确的前躯和后躯角度产生了平稳、有效、背部水平、步幅良好、后躯驱动有力、舒展的步态和后体动作。虽然，前肢不产生驱动力，但良好的前肢伸展性避免了与冲突，交叠和侧向运动。从前面观察，肩部保持整齐且肘部不向外张开。腿保持彼此平行，速度增加时，保持直线轨迹，腿位于身体下方但不交叉。虽然不需要垂直于地面，但从肩部向下到腿还是要保持直线。从后面观察，拳师的臀部不应该滚动。后足爪应该“插入”前肢相同的轨迹。同样，当速度增加时，后体的正常现象是宽度减小。缺陷：做作或低效率的步态；不够流畅。


[特点和气质]
气质对拳师来说非常重要。天生是一钟“听觉”警卫犬，他警觉、威严切自信。在比赛中，他的举止显示出收约束的活泼，在家里或和朋友一起，他其实非常爱玩闹，对孩子非常有耐心和忍耐力。对陌生人警惕且保留，但会显示出好奇心，但是非常重要的一点是，面对威胁会非常勇敢。当然，对友善的反应也很敏捷。他聪明、忠诚、友善而温顺，在严格管理下，将成为非常理想的伴侣。缺陷：缺乏威严和机敏；羞怯

上面描述的是一个理想的拳师。任何背离上述描述的地方都会根据背离的程度被扣分。

[失格]
拳师犬是驼色加斑纹以外的颜色搭配；白色超过整个被毛面积的1/3。

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braintrust

FCI-Standard N°144  / 08. 02. 2006 / GB

BOXER
(Deutscher Boxer)


TRANSLATION : Mrs C. Seidler, revised by Mrs Sporre-Willes and R. Triquet.

ORIGIN : Germany.

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE ORIGINAL VALID STANDARD : 13.03.2001.

UTILIZATION :Companion, Guard and Working Dog.

CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. :

Group2     Pinscher and Schnauzer- Molossoid breeds- Swiss Mountain and Cattle Dogs and other breeds.
Section2.1Molossoid breeds, mastiff type.With working trial.

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : The small, so called Brabant Bullenbeisser is regarded as the immediate ancestor of the Boxer.  In the past, the breeding of these Bullenbeissers was in the hands of the huntsmen, whom they assisted during the chase.  Their task was to seize the game put up by chasing hounds and hold it firmly until the huntsman arrived and put an end to the prey.  For this job the dog had to have as wide jaws as possible with broadly spaced teeth, in order to bite firmly and hold on tightly.  A Bullenbeisser which had these characteristics was best suited to this job and was used for breeding.  Previously only the ability to work and utilization were considered.  Selective breeding was carried out which produced a dog with a wide muzzle and an upturned nose.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : The Boxer is a medium sized, smooth coated, sturdy dog of compact square build and strong bone.  His muscles are taut, strongly developed and moulded in appearance.  His movement is lively, powerful with noble bearing.  The Boxer must be neither cumbersome or heavy, nor light or lacking in body substance.


IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS :
a) Length of body / Height at withers : Square build, which means that the horizontal line of the back is perpendicular to the vertical line passing through the point of shoulder and to the other vertical line passing through the point of buttock, thus defining a square outline.
b) Depth of brisket / Height at withers : The chest reaches to the elbows. Depth of chest is half the height at withers.
c) Length of nose bridge / Length of head : Length of nose bridge in relation to skull should be 1 : 2 (measured from tip of nose to inner corner of eye or, respectively, inner corner of eye to occiput).

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : The Boxer should be fearless self-confident, calm and equable.  Temperament is of the utmost importance and requires careful attention.  Devotion and loyalty towards his master and his entire household, his watchfulness and self-assured courage as a defender are famous.  He is harmless with his family but distrustful of strangers.  Happy and friendly in play, yet fearless in a serious situation.  Easy to train on account of his willingness to obey, his pluck and courage, natural keenness and scent capability.  Undemanding and clean, he is just as agreeable and appreciated in the family circle as he is as a guard,  companion and working dog.  His character is trustworthy, with no guile or cunning, even in old age.  

HEAD : This gives the Boxer his characteristic look.  Must be in good proportion to the body and appear neither too light nor too heavy.  Muzzle should be as broad and powerful as possible.  The harmony of the head depends on the balance between muzzle and skull.  From whichever direction the head is viewed, from front above or sideways, the muzzle must always be in the right proportion to the skull i.e. it must never appear too small.  It should be clean, not showing any wrinkle.  However natural folds are formed in the cranial region when alerted.  From root of nose, folds are always indicated running in a downward direction on both sides.  The dark mask is confined to the muzzle and must be in sharp contrast to the colour of the head so that the face does not appear sombre.  

CRANIAL REGION :  
Skull : The cranial region should be as lean and angular as possible.  It is slightly arched, neither round and short nor flat; neither should it be too broad.  Occiput not too pronounced.  Furrow in forehead only slightly marked, must not be too deep, especially between the eyes.
Stop : The forehead forms a distinct stop towards bridge of nose.  Bridge of nose must not be forced back into the forehead as in the Bulldog, nor should it be downfaced.  

FACIAL REGION :
Nose : Nose is broad and black and only slightly turned up with wide nostrils.  Tip of nose is placed slightly higher than root of nose.
Muzzle : The muzzle is powerfully developed in three dimensional volume, neither pointed or narrow, nor short or shallow.  Its appearance is influenced by :
a) Shape of jaw. b) Position of canine teeth. c) Shape of lips.  The canines must be placed as far apart as possible and must be of good length, making the front of the muzzle broad, almost square and forming a blunt angle with bridge of nose.
In front, the edge of the upper lip rests on the edge of the lower lip.  The part of the lower jaw with lower lip curved upwards, called the chin, must not markedly protrude over upper lip, seen from front.  Nor should it be hidden by the lip but should be well defined from front and side.  
The canines and incisors of the lower jaw must not be visible when mouth is closed, neither should the tongue show.  Median groove in the upper lip (philtrum) is clearly visible.
Lips :  The lips complete the shape of the muzzle.  The upper lip is thick and padded and fills the space formed by the undershot lower jaw; it is supported by the lower canines.                    
Jaws/Teeth : The lower jaw exceeds the upper jaw and is slightly curved upwards.  The Boxer is undershot.  The upper jaw is broad where it joins the cranial region, tapering only slightly towards the front.  The teeth are strong and healthy.  The incisors are as even as possible, set in a straight line.  Canines wide apart and of good size.
Cheeks : Cheeks are developed in proportion with the strong jaws without markedly bulging.  They merge with the muzzle in a slight curve.  
Eyes : The dark eyes are neither too small nor protruding or deep set.  Their expression conveys energy and intelligence and must not be threatening or piercing.  Eye rims must be dark.  
Ears : The natural ears are of appropriate size. They are set on wide apart on highest part of skull.  In repose they lie close to the cheeks and turn forward with a definite crease especially when the dog is alert.

NECK : Topline runs in an elegant arch from the clearly marked nape to the withers.  It should be of ample length, round, strong and muscular.

BODY : Square body resting on sturdy straight legs.
Withers : Should be marked.
Back : Including loin should be short, firm, straight, broad and muscular.
Croup :  Slightly sloping, broad and only slightly arched.  Pelvis should be long and broad, especially in *****es.
Chest : Deep, reaching to elbows.  Depth of chest is half the height at withers.  Well formed forechest. Ribs well sprung but not barrel-shaped, extending well to the rear.
Underline : Running towards rear in elegant line.  Short taut flanks slightly tucked up.

TAIL : Set on high rather than low.  Tail is left natural.

LIMBS

FOREQUARTERS : Front legs seen from front must stand parallel and have strong bone.
Shoulders : Long and sloping, connected firmly to body.  Should not be too loaded.
Upper arm : Long, making a right angle to shoulder blade.
Elbows : Neither too close to side of chest nor turned out.
Forearm : Vertical, long, clean muscles.
Carpus (wrist) : Strong, well defined, but not exaggerated.
Metacarpus (Pastern) : Short, almost perpendicular to ground.
Front feet : Small, round, tight, well cushioned and hard pads.  


HINDQUARTERS : Very muscular, the muscles brick hard and visible under the skin.  
Hindlegs : Seen from rear straight.
Thigh : Long and broad.  Angles of hip and knee are open but as little as possible.  
Knee (Stifle) : When dog is standing, should reach so far forward that it would touch a vertical line from point of hip to ground.
Lower thigh : Very muscular.
Hock : Strong and well defined but not exaggerated.  Angle approximately 140 degrees.
Metatarsus (Rear Pastern) : Short with slight inclination, 95-100 degrees to the ground.
Hind feet : Slightly longer than front feet, tight; well cushioned and hard pads.
  
GAIT / MOVEMENT  : Lively, full of strength and nobility.

SKY : Dry, elastic without any wrinkles.


COAT  

HAIR : Short, hard, glossy and close fitting.

COLOUR  : Fawn or brindle : Fawn comes in various shades from light fawn to dark deer red but the most attractive shades are in the middle range (red fawn).  Black mask. The brindle variety : fawn background of varying shades has dark or black stripes running parallel to ribs.  Stripes must contrast distinctly to ground colour.  White markings should not be discarded.  They can be quite pleasant.

SIZE AND WEIGHT  :
Height at the withers : Dogs :57-63 cm.
Females :53-59 cm.
Weight : Dogs : over  30 kg when height at withers is ca 60 cm.
*****es : about 25 kg when height at withers is ca 56 cm.

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.
•Behaviour / Temperament : Aggressive, vicious, cunning, untrustworthy, lack of spirit, overly shy.
•Head : Lack of nobility and typical expression, sombre face, Pinscher or Bulldog type head.  Dribbling, showing of teeth or tongue.  Muzzle too pointed or slight.  Bridge of nose falling away.  Leather or weather nose, pale nose leather.  So called, “hawk eye”, lack of pigment in haw.
In uncropped ears : Flapping, half erect or erect ears, rose ears.  
Wry jaw, slanting teeth, incorrect position of teeth, poorly developed teeth and unsound teeth due to illness.
•Neck : Short, thick and throaty.
•Body : Front too broad and low to the ground.  Sagging body, roach or sway back.  Lean, long, narrow, sagging loin, loosely coupled body.
Arched loin, croup falling away.  Narrow pelvis, hollow flanks, pendulous belly.
•Tail : Low set on, kink tail.
•Forehand : French front, loose shoulders, loose elbows, weak pastern, hare foot, flat, splayed feet.
•Hindquarters : Weak muscles.  Too much or too little angulation, down on hocks, barrel hocks, cow hocks, narrow hocks, dewclaws, hare foot, flat, splayed feet.
•Movement : Waddling, insufficient reach, pacing, stilted gait.
•Colour of coat : Mask extending beyond muzzle.  Stripes (brindling) too close together or too sparse.
Sooty ground colour.  Mingled colours.  Unattractive white markings such as a whole white head or white on one side of the head.  Other colours and white markings exceeding one third of the ground colour.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

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