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拳狮犬FCI标准

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注:该标准中文版翻译自FCI国际纯种犬标准英文版,已发布于CKU官网-犬种百科
09.07.2008 / EN
FCI-国际纯种犬标准第 144 号
BOXER((Deutscher Boxer)
德国拳狮犬
本图片不一定代表该犬种的理想例子

ORIGIN:  Germany.
起源:德国

Date of acceptance on a definitive basis by the FCI: 1/1/1955
FCI正式认可日期:1955年1月1日

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL VALID STANDARD: 01.04.2008.
正式生效标准发布日期:2008年4月1日

UTILIZATION: Companion, Guard and Wo**ng Dog.
用途:伴侣犬、守卫犬,工作犬。

FCI-CLASSIFICATION:
Group 2 Pinscher and Schnauzer- Molossoid breeds- Swiss Mountain and Cattle Dogs.
Section 2.1 Molossoid breeds, mastiff type.
With wo**ng trial.
FCI分组
第2组:宾莎和雪纳瑞-獒犬-瑞士山地犬和瑞士牧牛犬组
第2.1类:獒犬
有工作犬测试

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY:
The small, so called Brabant Bullenbeisser is regarded as the immediate ancestor of the Boxer. In the past, the breeding of these Bullenbeissers was in the hands of the huntsmen, whom they assisted during the hunt. Their task was to seize the game put up by the hounds and hold it firmly until the huntsman arrived and put an end to the prey. For this job the dog had to have jaws as wide as possible with widely spaced teeth, in order to bite firmly and hold on tightly. A Bullenbeisser which had these characteristics was best suited to this job and was used for breeding. Previously, only the ability to work and utilization were considered. Selective breeding was carried out which produced a dog with a wide muzzle and an upturned nose.
历史梗概:
体型小的Brabant Bullenbeisser(布拉班咬牛犬)被视作拳师犬的祖先。过去,只有猎户才能拥有和繁殖这些帮助其狩猎的犬。他们的主要任务就是在狩猎过程中追捕猎物,并紧紧控制住猎物,直到猎人赶到,结束狩猎行动。由此这一犬种具有尽可能宽的上下颌以及空隙较大的牙齿,能够紧紧地咬住猎物。具有这些特点的布拉班咬牛犬最适合于这一工作,并被用于繁殖。先前的繁殖只考虑犬只的工作能力,进行选择性育种,因此培育出了具有宽口吻朝天鼻的犬种。

GENERAL APPEARANCE:
The Boxer is a medium sized, smooth coated, sturdy dog of compact, square build and strong bone. His muscles are taut, strongly developed and moulded in appearance.
His movement is lively, powerful with noble bearing. The Boxer must be neither cumbersome nor heavy, nor light or lacking in body substance.
整体外貌:
拳师犬体型中等、被毛顺滑、结实紧凑、身体呈方形并且骨格健壮。肌肉紧绷,强健发达,外形整齐。
运动充满活力、富有高贵的气质。拳师犬既不能显得笨重、臃肿,也不能显得瘦削、缺少骨量。

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS:
a) Length of body / Height at withers: Square build, which means that the horizontal line of the back is perpendicular to the vertical line passing through the point of shoulder and to the other vertical line passing through the point of buttock, thus defining a square outline.
b) Depth of brisket / Height at withers: The chest reaches to the elbows. Depth of chest is half the height at withers.
c) Length of nose bridge / Length of head: Length of nose bridge in relation to skull should be 1 : 2 (measured respectively from tip of nose to inner corner of eye and from inner corner of eye to occiput).
重要比例
a) 体长/肩高:身体结构成方形,这意味着背部的水平线与通过肩部的垂直线,以及与通过臀部的其它垂直线垂直,因而,形成了方形的轮廓。
b) 胸深/肩高:胸部能抵达肘部。胸深为肩高的一半。
c) 鼻梁的长度/头部的长度:鼻梁长度与头部长度的比例应为:1:2(各自由鼻尖至眼内角测量,以及由眼内角至枕骨测量。)。

BEHAVIOUR/TEMPERAMENT:
The Boxer should be fearless self-confident, calm and equable. Temperament is of the utmost importance and requires careful attention. Devotion and loyalty towards his master and his entire household, his watchfulness and self-assured courage as a defender are famous. He is harmless with his family but distrustful of strangers. Happy and friendly in play, yet fearless in a serious situation. Easy to train on account of his willingness to obey, his pluck and courage, natural keenness and scent capability. Undemanding and clean, he is just as agreeable and appreciated in the family circle as he is as a guard, companion and wo**ng dog. His character is trustworthy, with no guile or cunning, even in old age.
行为/秉性
拳师犬应无畏、自信、沉着而冷静。秉性最重要,需要多加关注。热爱工作、对主人及整个家庭忠诚,作为一名守卫犬,以其很好的警觉性与勇气而出名。不会伤害家人,但是对陌生人不信任。玩耍时活泼友好,但临危不惧。由于容易遵守命令、有精神,有勇气、天生的敏锐以及嗅觉能力,易于训练。脾气温顺,爱干净,作为一名守卫犬、伴侣犬以及工作犬,在家庭中很受欢迎。这种犬的特征就是忠诚,即使晚年时,也不会变得狡猾。


HEAD: 头部

This gives the Boxer his characteristic look. Must be in good proportion to the body and appear neither too light nor too heavy. Muzzle should be as broad and powerful as possible. The harmony of the head depends on the balance between muzzle and skull. From whichever direction the head is viewed, from front, above or sideways, the muzzle must always be in the right proportion to the skull i.e. it must never appear too small. It should be clean, not showing any wrinkle. However, natural folds are formed in the cranial region when alerted. From root of nose, folds are always indicated running in a downward direction on both sides. The dark mask is confined to the muzzle and must be in sharp co**ast to the color of the head so that the face does not appear somber.
头部使得拳师犬具有了自己的典型特征。头部必须与身体成比例,既不显得太轻,也不显得太重。口吻部应尽可能宽而有力。头部的协调取决于口吻与头骨间的平衡,无论从正前方或者侧面观察头部,口吻必须总是与头骨保持合适的比例,也就是说,头部一定不能显得太小。头部应该干燥,不能显现皱纹。然而,当这种犬警惕时,头盖部会形成自然的皱纹。这些皱纹总是由鼻根向鼻子两侧自然延伸。深色的斑点仅限于口吻,且必须与头部的颜色形成鲜明的对比,由此面部不会显得阴郁。
CRANIAL REGION: 颅部区域

Skull: The cranial region should be as lean and angular as possible. It is slightly arched, neither too round and short, nor flat; nor should it be too broad. Occiput not too pronounced. Furrow in forehead only slightly marked, must not be too deep, especially between the eyes.
头骨:头盖部应尽量瘦削。头骨略成拱形,不圆,短,不平,也不宽。枕骨不突出。前额的中沟略明显,但不深陷,尤其是两眼间部位。

Stop: The forehead forms a distinct stop with the bridge of nose. Bridge of nose must not be forced back into the forehead as in the Bulldog, nor should it be down faced.
额段:前额到鼻梁间的额段明显。但鼻梁不象英国斗牛犬那样向后与前额连接,也不是下陷的脸。

FACIAL REGION: 面部区域

Nose: Nose is broad and black and only slightly turned up with wide nostrils. Tip of nose is placed slightly higher than root of nose.
鼻:鼻子宽阔,黑色,轻微的朝天鼻,鼻孔开阔。鼻尖略高于鼻根部。

Muzzle:  
The muzzle is powerfully developed in three dimensional volume, neither pointed nor narrow, nor short or shallow. Its appearance is influenced by:
a) Shape of jaw.
b) Position of canine teeth.
c) Shape of lips.
The canines must be placed as far apart as possible and must be of good length, making the front of the muzzle broad, almost square and forming a blunt angle with bridge of nose. In front, the edge of the upper lip rests on the edge of the lower lip. The part of the lower jaw with lower lip curved upwards, called the chin, must not markedly protrude over upper lip, seen from front. Nor should it be hidden by the upper lip but should be well defined from front and side. The canines and incisors of the lower jaw must not be visible when mouth is closed, neither should the tongue show. Median groove in the upper lip (philtrum) is clearly visible.
口吻:
口吻强壮有力,不尖,不窄,也不短不浅。其外形受到以下几方面的影响:
a)颌的形状。
b)犬齿的位置。
c)唇的形状。
犬齿应尽可能分得较开,且应该长度适中,这使得口吻前部宽阔、几乎成方形,并与鼻梁形成一个钝角。从前面观察,上唇边缘依靠于下齿边缘。下唇所在下颌部分向上折起,称作下巴,由前面观察,下巴不能明显突起超过上唇。从前面和侧面观察,不能为上唇所覆盖,而应很明显。当嘴闭合时,下颌的犬齿与门牙不得外露,舌头也不能外露。上唇的中线槽(人中)清晰可见。

Lips: The lips complete the shape of the muzzle. The upper lip is thick and padded and fills the space formed by the undershot lower jaw; it is supported by the lower canines.
唇:唇构成了口吻的形状。上唇厚、成块状,填补了突出的下颌所形成的空间,下面有下犬齿支撑。

Jaws/Teeth: The lower jaw protrudes beyond the upper jaw and is curved slightly upwards. The Boxer is undershot. The upper jaw is broad where it joins the cranial region, tapering only slightly towards the front. The teeth are strong and healthy. The incisors are as even as possible, set in a straight line. Canines wide apart and of good size.
颌/齿:下颌超出上颌,略微上卷。拳师犬下颌突出。上颌宽阔,与头盖部连接,向前部逐渐变细。牙齿强健。门牙应尽可能平齐,处于一条直线。犬齿间距大,尺寸适中。

Cheeks: Cheeks are developed in proportion with the strong jaws without markedly bulging. They merge with the muzzle in a slight curve.
脸颊:脸颊发达,与强健的颌比例恰当,没有明显的凸起。脸颊以轻微的曲线与口吻相融合。

Eyes: The dark eyes are neither too small nor protruding or deep set. Their expression conveys energy and intelligence and must not be threatening or piercing. Eye rims must be dark.
眼睛:黑色的眼睛既不太小,也不突出或者深陷。眼神传达出活力与聪明的表情,无威胁或者攻击的神情。眼眶为黑色。

Ears: The natural ears are of appropriate size. They are set on wide apart on highest part of skull. In repose they lie close to the cheeks and turn forward with a definite crease, especially when the dog is alert.
耳朵:自然状态,耳朵尺寸适中。两耳间距大,位于头骨的最高部位。休息时,耳朵紧靠脸颊,冲前,有一条折痕,当犬警觉时,更加明显。


NECK: Topline runs in an elegant arch from the clearly marked nape to the withers. It should be of ample length, round, strong and muscular.
颈部:由清晰颈背至肩胛骨形成一条优美的背线。颈部应力量充足、呈圆形、强健有力、肌肉发达。


BODY: 躯干

Square body resting on sturdy, straight legs.
身体呈方形、腿部笔直、粗壮。

Withers: Should be marked.
肩:应清晰。

Back: Including loin should be short, firm, straight, broad and muscular.
背:背包括腰,应短、坚实、笔直、宽阔而肌肉发达。

Croup: Slightly sloping, broad and only slightly arched. Pelvis should be long and broad, especially in bitches.
臀:略斜、宽,轻微拱起。骨盆应长而阔,母犬尤其如此。

Chest: Deep, reaching to elbows. Depth of chest is half the height at withers. Well-developed fore chest. Ribs well sprung but not barrel shaped, extending well to the rear.
胸:深,可达肘部。胸深为肩高的一半。前胸发育良好。肋骨扩张良好但是不能为水桶型,延伸至后部。

Underline: Running towards rear in elegant curve. Short, taut flanks slightly tucked up.
腹线:以优美的线条通向后部。短而紧的侧腹轻微折起。


TAIL: Set on high rather than low. The tail is of normal length and left natural.
:位置高。尾巴的长度正常,处于自然状态。


LIMBS: 四肢

General appearance: Front legs, seen from front, must stand parallel and have strong bone.
整体外形:前肢由前面观察,前腿在站立时必须保持平行,骨量充足。

FOREQUARTERS: 前躯
Shoulders : Long and sloping, connected firmly to body. Should not be too loaded.
肩:长,倾斜,与身体紧密相接。不应过重。

Upper arm: Long, making a right angle to shoulder blade.
上臂:长,与肩胛骨角度适中。

Elbows :Neither too close to side of chest nor turned out.
肘:既不与胸部的侧面太近,也不外翻。

Forearms : Vertical, long, lean and muscled.
前臂:垂直、长、瘦,肌肉强健。

Carpus (wrist): Strong, well defined, but not exaggerated.
腕骨(腕关节):强健,明确,但不夸张。

Metacarpus (Pastern): Short, almost perpendicular to ground.
掌骨(系部):短、几乎与地面垂直。

Forefeet : Small, round, tight, well cushioned and hard pads.
前足:小,圆,紧凑,足垫发达,足垫硬。

LIMBS: 四肢
HINDQUARTERS: 后躯
General appearance : Very muscular, the muscles brick hard and visible under the skin. Hind legs: Seen from rear: straight.
整体外观:
肌肉非常强健,肌肉块硬,在皮肤下明显可见。后腿:从后面观察成直立状。

Thigh: Long and broad. Angles of hip and knee are open but as little as possible.
大腿:长而宽。髋骨与膝盖形成角度,但是越小越好。

Knee (Stifle): When dog is standing, should reach sufficiently forward so that it would touch a perpendicular line from point of hip to ground.
膝(膝关节):当犬站立时,膝应尽量前伸,以至可达到由髋骨至地面的垂直线。

Lower thigh: Very muscular.
小腿:肌肉非常强健。

Hock: Strong and well defined but not exaggerated. Angle approximately 140 degrees.
跗关节:强健,非常明确,但并不夸张。角度约为140 度。

Metatarsus (Rear pasterns): Short with slight inclination, 95-100 degrees to the ground.
跖骨(后肢系部):短,略倾斜,与地面成95-100 度。

Hind feet : Slightly longer than front feet, tight; well cushioned and hard pads.
后足:比前足略长,紧;足垫发达,足垫硬。


GAIT/MOVEMENT:  
Lively, full of strength and nobility.
步态/动态
非常有生气,充满力量,举止高贵。


SKIN: Dry, elastic without any wrinkles.
皮肤:干燥,富有弹性,没有褶皱。

COAT: 被毛
Hair:  Short, hard, glossy and close fitting.
毛质:短,硬,有光泽,紧密。

Colour:
Fawn or brindle: Fawn comes in various shades from light fawn to dark deer red but the most attractive shades are in the middle range (red fawn). Black mask. The brindle variety: fawn background of varying shades has dark or black stripes running parallel to ribs. Stripes must co**ast distinctly to ground color. White ma**ngs should not be discarded. They can be quite pleasant.
毛色:
淡褐色或者虎斑色:淡褐色包括各种色度,由浅淡褐色至深鹿红色,但是最受欢迎的色度应为中间色(偏红的浅黄褐色)。嘴部为黑色。虎斑色的变化为:各色度的淡黄褐色为基色的深或者黑色的条纹,这些条纹与肋骨平行。条纹应与基色调形成鲜明的对比。同时,不排除白色斑纹的存在。这些斑纹会很受欢迎。


SIZE AND WEIGHT: 尺寸和体重
Ideal height at withers:
Dogs: 57-63 cm.
Females: 53-59 cm.
理想肩高:
公犬:57-63 厘米。
母犬:53-59 厘米。

Weight:
Dogs: over 30 kg when height at withers is ca 60 cm. Bitches: about 25 kg when height at withers is ca 56 cm.
体重:
当肩高约为60 厘米时,公犬:30 公斤以上。母犬:当肩高约为56厘米时, 约25公斤。


FAULTS: 缺陷
Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.
  • Behavior / Temperament: Lack of spirit.
  • Head: Lack of nobility and typical expression, somber face, Pinscher or Bulldog type head. Dribbling, showing of teeth or tongue. Muzzle too pointed or slight. Bridge of nose falling away. Leather or weather nose, pale nose leather. So called, “hawk eye”, lack of pigment in haw. In uncropped ears: Flying, half erect or erect ears, rose ears. Wry jaw, slanting teeth, incorrect position of teeth, poorly developed teeth and unsound teeth due to illness.
  • Neck: Short, thick and throaty.
  • Body: Front too broad or low to the ground. Sagging body, roach or sway back. Lean, long, narrow, sagging loin, loosely coupled body. Arched loin, croup falling away. Narrow pelvis, hollow flanks, pendulous belly.
  • Tail: Low set on, kink tail.
  • Forequarters: French front, loose shoulders, loose elbows, weak pastern, hare foot, flat, splayed feet.
  • Hindquarters: Weak muscles. Too much or too little angulation, down on hocks, barrel hocks, cow hocks, narrow hocks, dewclaws, hare foot, flat, splayed feet.
  • Movement: Waddling, insufficient reach, pacing, stilted gait.
  • Color of coat: Mask extending beyond muzzle. Stripes (brindling) too close together or too sparse.
    Sooty ground color. Mingled colors. Unattractive white ma**ngs such as an entirely white head or white on one side of the head. Other colors and white ma**ngs exceeding one third of the ground color.

任何与上述各点相背离的均视为缺陷,其缺陷的严重性严格地与其缺陷的程度和对犬只健康和福利带来的影响成正比。
  • 行为/秉性:缺少活力。
  • 头部:缺少高贵状,无典型的表情,脸孔无生气,宾莎犬或者英国斗牛犬类型的头。淌口水,显露牙齿或者舌头。口吻太尖或太小。鼻梁凹陷。皮革鼻或褪色鼻,鼻部皮肤苍白。 所谓的,“鹰眼”,缺少瞬膜的色素沉淀。 未剪耳的:飞耳,半直立或直立耳玫瑰耳。 歪的颌骨,倾斜的牙齿,不正确的牙齿的位置, 牙齿发育不健全,由于疾病导致不健康的牙齿。
  • 颈部:短、厚而有赘肉。
  • 身体:前面太宽,离地太近。身体下垂,背部拱起,或者摆动。腰部瘦,长,狭窄,下垂,腰部下垂,身体结合松散。拱形腰部,臀部下坠。 骨盆窄,侧腹浅, 腹部下垂摆动。
  • 尾巴:位置低,打结。
  • 身体前部:身体前部的肉疏松,肩膀松软,肘部无力,系骨软弱,兔足,平足,八字形足。
  • 后肢:肌肉不发达。角度过大或过小,跖部低,桶状跖部,牛肢,狭窄跖部,狼爪,兔足,平足,或八字形足。
  • 动态:蹒跚而行,伸展不自然,踱步,不自然的步态。
  • 被毛颜色:面部的黑色斑纹超过了口吻。条纹与斑点太靠近或太分散。
    基色为乌黑色。混合色。不美观的白色斑纹,诸如,头部全为白色,或者头部一侧为白色。其它颜色和白色斑纹超过基色的三分之一。


DISQUALIFYING FAULTS: 失格缺陷
  • Aggressive or overly shy.
  • Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

  • 有攻击性或过于羞怯。
  • 任何身体和行为有明显异常的犬都为失格。



N.B.
  • Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.
  • Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.

  • 公犬具备两个明显正常且完全置于阴囊的睾丸
  • 只有身体机能以及临床表现健康的,具备典型犬种结构的犬只,才可用于繁殖。







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