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<p>藏獒和藏狗的区别有人说是体型的差异,有人说是凶猛度的差别?更有甚者说是头脸的和毛色的不同。其实,在区分藏獒和藏狗要从种群的角度,按照地域性和生物分类的角度去考虑。</p><p>在此不发表个人看法,我只把国外研究的结果对比翻译给大家看,其中有翻译误差的地方还请批评指出。</p><p>————————————————</p><p class="MsoSubtitle" align="center" style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3pt;"><font size="5"><font face="Cambria"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">The Tibetan Mastiff & It's Sub-breeds</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></strong></font></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoTitle" align="center" style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3pt;"><strong><font size="5"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">藏獒与它的亚种</span></font></strong></p><p class="MsoTitle" align="center" style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3pt;"><strong><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">(翻译:海靖平)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></strong></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="宋体">Geographically, <country-region wst="on"></country-region>India<country-region></country-region> shares her place on the map with her adjoining neighbouring countries of <country-region wst="on"></country-region>Tibet<country-region></country-region>, <country-region wst="on"></country-region>Nepal<country-region></country-region> and <country-region wst="on"></country-region>China<country-region></country-region> and her long border extends from <state wst="on"></state>Jammu and Kashmir<state></state> to Himachal Pradesh to Uttar Pradesh, now some parts known as Uttranchal to the Eastern Border States of <place wst="on"></place><country-region wst="on"></country-region>India<country-region></country-region><place></place> ( ie. <place wst="on"></place><city wst="on"></city>Arunachal Pradesh<city></city>, <country-region wst="on"></country-region>Assam<country-region></country-region><br/> <state wst="on"></state>etc<state></state><place></place>). It was along these areas that Tibetan Mastiffs were bred to the regional/local dogs resulting in varied SUB-BREEDS. The variation in type includes features, size and colour and these main differences usually diverge in direct accordance to the specific region in which the Tibetan Mastiff was bred.<p></p></font></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="宋体">地理学上<span lang="EN-US">,</span>印度和在地图上与它毗邻的西藏、尼泊尔和中国都共同分享着这个大版块<span lang="EN-US">,</span>它那长长的国境线<span lang="EN-US">,</span>从查谟和克什米尔到<span lang="EN-US">Himachal Pradesh</span>一直延伸到北方邦<span lang="EN-US">,</span>东部到现在被称为<span lang="EN-US">Uttranchal</span>的边境地区<span lang="EN-US">(</span>即阿鲁纳查尔邦<span lang="EN-US">,</span>阿萨姆邦等<span lang="EN-US">).</span>正是在这些地区<span lang="EN-US">,</span>藏獒和当地的狗产生了各种亚种<span lang="EN-US">.</span>这些亚种在包括体表特征、尺寸大小及被毛颜色的变化都和这一地域所繁衍的藏獒有很大的差别的<span lang="EN-US">.<p></p></span></font></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="宋体">In <state wst="on"></state><place wst="on"></place>Jammu and Kashmir<place></place><state></state> the Tibetan Mastiff sub-breed is known as BAKARWAL DOGS. These dogs routinely have their ears cropped and overall size is somewhat smaller than the parent breed of TIBETAN MASTIFFS. These dogs are basically used as herding dogs for sheep and cattle and are extremely ferocious normally.<p></p></font></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="宋体">在查谟和克什米尔地区的藏獒亚种被称为<span lang="EN-US">“</span>波加拉犬<span lang="EN-US">”. </span>通常这些狗很像藏獒繁殖出来的耳朵和整体尺寸都比较小的个体<span lang="EN-US">. </span>这些狗基本上用作放牧犬牛羊<span lang="EN-US">,</span>性格通常较为凶猛。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="宋体">In Himachal Pradesh, the Tibetan Mastiffs were again bred to the regional dogs and the outcome is the sub-breed known as GADDI DOGS. These dogs are very large, high on their legs and may or may not have the typical outstanding head of a Tibetan Mastiff. They may have light colours and more white markings as compared to the requisite of the minimal white and darker colours of the Tibetan Mastiff. Used by nomads these dogs are primarily used for herding purposes and secondarily as watchdogs.<p></p></font></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="宋体">在<span lang="EN-US">Himachal Pradesh</span>地区<span lang="EN-US">,</span>藏獒和这一地域的犬进行了混血并产生了亚种<span lang="EN-US">,</span>其繁殖结果是这种称为<span lang="EN-US">“</span>加迪<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的狗<span lang="EN-US">.</span>这些狗都非常大<span lang="EN-US">,</span>双腿显得比较长<span lang="EN-US">,</span>或许还有的有典型藏獒的头部表现<span lang="EN-US">.</span>它们和藏獒身上的白斑和黑色的地方比起来黑色的要淡色些而白色面积要大些<span lang="EN-US">.</span>这些游牧民族的犬<span lang="EN-US">,</span>主要用于放牧的目的<span lang="EN-US">,</span>其次是作为看门狗<span lang="EN-US">.<p></p></span></font></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="宋体">reviously a part of Uttar Pradesh, Uttranchal the sub-breed here is known as the BHOTIA. These dogs are very similar to the parent breed of TIBETAN MASTIFF. Size and bone are comparable to the Tibetan Mastiff with the only major differences being with colour, head and muzzle. The muzzle of the BHOTIA is not as heavy and substantial as that of a Tibetan Mastiff and the coat colour may tend to lighter shades of cream with more white markings.<p></p></font></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="宋体">以前北方邦的部分地区<span lang="EN-US">,Uttranchal</span>的亚种在这里被称为<span lang="EN-US">“</span>布题亚犬<span lang="EN-US">”. </span>这些狗很像是藏獒繁育出来的<span lang="EN-US">. </span>大小和骨量简直可以和藏獒媲美<span lang="EN-US">,</span>和藏獒的主要差别是毛色<span lang="EN-US">,</span>头部和嘴筒<span lang="EN-US">. </span>布题亚的嘴筒没有藏獒那么厚重和庞大<span lang="EN-US">,</span>而被毛的颜色变得趋向于乳酪色的淡化或暗化,白斑更多些大些<span lang="EN-US">.<p></p></span></font></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="宋体">The above SUB-BREEDS have originated from the TIBETAN MASTIFFS. It is of importance to note that as the genes go back to the parent breed of the Tibetan Masiff, they do tend, at times, to produce the parent breed of the Tibetan Mastiff!!!<p></p></font></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">上述的各品种都是源自藏獒的亚种<span lang="EN-US">. </span>值得注意的是<span lang="EN-US">,</span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">他们的基因种类确实倾向他们的亲戚藏獒,有时会被当作藏獒来繁殖!</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="宋体">Some who read the foregoing paragraphs may find them to be contentious but my opinions and beliefs are based on personal experience and my involvement with the Tibetan Mastiff breed extending back over two decades. I also draw upon my personal observation, factual information, knowledge of the history of the dogs in the mentioned areas along with the exchange of shared information with other TM breeders, owners and enthusiasts the world over that included Gp.Capt A. J. S. GREWAL, Mr.TENZING NORGAY, and Mr. P. S. SHANDILIYA, a noted K.C.I. Judge and TM breeder.<p></p></font></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="宋体">有人看过前面的段落可能认为这些是有争议的<span lang="EN-US">,</span>但我的意见和信念是基于我二十多年来参与的藏獒品种的繁殖经验<span lang="EN-US">. </span>这些结论的得出是我根据在被提及的领域的个人观察<span lang="EN-US">, </span>事实信息,狗的历史的知识<span lang="EN-US">,</span>来自和其他藏獒繁殖、所有者和全世界爱好者共有的信息交换。他们包括<span lang="EN-US">Gp.Capt A. J. S. GREWAL,TENZING NORGAY</span>先生和<span lang="EN-US">P. S. SHANDILIYA</span>先生,著名的<span lang="EN-US">K.C.I.</span>裁判和藏獒繁殖者。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="宋体">With very best regards,<p></p></font></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="宋体">Himmat Singh Sekhon<p></p></font></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p><font face="宋体"></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="宋体">非常亲切问候<span lang="EN-US">, <p></p></span></font></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="宋体">赫迈特<span lang="EN-US">·</span>辛格<span lang="EN-US">·</span>谢克霍姆<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>(译者注:作者名)</font></span></p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2008-2-6 2:23:17编辑过] |
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